What Is Internet Relay Chat (IRC)? Beginner’s Guide

In the world of digital communication, many tools have come and gone, but some classic technologies continue to thrive in niche communities. One such technology is Internet Relay Chat (IRC). Though it may not be as mainstream as social media or messaging apps, IRC has played a monumental role in shaping how people connect online in real time. It remains a preferred communication method for developers, open-source projects, and Internet old-timers who value simplicity and control.

IRC may appear outdated compared to modern messaging platforms, but its flexibility, minimalism, and reliability continue to appeal to a dedicated user base. If you’re new to the world of IRC, this beginner’s guide will help you understand its basics, history, and how you can get started yourself.

What Is IRC?

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a protocol used for real-time text communication between users. Developed in 1988 by Jarkko Oikarinen in Finland, IRC allows people to communicate in channels (also known as chat rooms) or via direct messages. It gained popularity in the 1990s and early 2000s, especially with tech-savvy communities, and laid the foundation for many features used in modern messaging apps today.

Although IRC may look rudimentary, it’s a powerful and lightweight system that can serve various purposes— from group discussions to one-on-one conversations and even file sharing.

How Does IRC Work?

IRC operates using a client-server model. Here’s a simplified breakdown of how it works:

IRC Client – Software installed on a user’s device that connects them to an IRC server.
IRC Server – A server running IRC software that facilitates chat between multiple clients connected to it.
Channels – Virtual chat rooms on an IRC server identified by a hash symbol (#), such as #coding or #linuxhelp.

Once you’re connected to a server, you can join any open channels, create your own, or send private messages to other users. Server connections are typically made through port 6667 (for plaintext) or 6697 (for secure, SSL-encrypted sessions).

Key Features of IRC

Despite being a decades-old technology, IRC offers unique features that continue to make it relevant:

Low Bandwidth Usage: Perfect for users with limited internet resources.
Customizability: Many clients support user-created scripts and bots to automate tasks or add functionality.
Decentralization: There’s no single central authority— numerous independent IRC networks exist worldwide.
Anonymity: Users can often join without verifying an identity like an email or phone number.
Stability: It’s a mature and highly stable protocol, ideal for persistent communication.

Getting Started With IRC

To begin using IRC, you’ll need two essential components: a server and a client application.

1. Choose an IRC Client

There are many IRC clients to choose from, catering to different platforms and user experiences. Some popular options include:

HexChat – A free, open-source IRC client for Windows and Linux.
mIRC – A well-known IRC client for Windows with lots of features.
Irssi – A text-only client for advanced users, commonly used on Unix-based systems.
The Lounge – A modern, web-based IRC client that stays connected 24/7.
WeeChat – Lightweight and scriptable with plugins for extended functionality.

2. Connect to an IRC Server

You’ll need to select an IRC network—which is essentially a group of servers working together. Some of the more popular networks include:

Libera Chat – Popular among free and open-source software communities.
EFnet – One of the oldest IRC networks, with a vast number of users worldwide.
IRCnet – Originally a part of EFnet, more common in European regions.
OFTC – Focused on open-source development, similar to Libera Chat.

Each server has its own address (e.g., irc.libera.chat), and you’ll typically connect via ports like 6667 or 6697 (for SSL).

3. Join a Channel

After connecting, you can join a channel by typing:

/join #channelname

Replace #channelname with the name of the room you wish to enter. You’re now part of a live conversation!

Basic IRC Commands

IRC is primarily text-based, so it helps to know some basic commands for navigating the experience:

/nick YourNickname – Sets or changes your display nickname.
/join #channel – Enters a specific channel.
/part #channel – Leaves the specified channel.
/msg nickname message – Sends a private message to another user.
/quit [message] – Disconnects from the server, optionally with a message.

Commands begin with a slash (/) and can usually be entered in any client’s input bar.

Common IRC Etiquette

As with any community, IRC has its own unspoken rules and culture. Here are some guidelines to follow:

Be respectful – Avoid spamming, flaming, or trolling other users or channels.
Avoid ALL CAPS – Online, caps generally convey shouting and should be used sparingly.
Don’t beg for help – Politely state your issue and wait. Users often volunteer their help in their own time.
Stay on-topic – Each channel typically has a specific purpose or theme; try not to derail conversations.

Security Considerations

Security can be a concern on IRC due to its open and anonymous nature. Some important considerations include:

Use secure connections (via SSL/TLS using port 6697) to encrypt data during transfer.
Choose strong, unique nicknames to avoid impersonation.
Don’t share sensitive information like passwords or personal details on public channels.
Register your nickname with NickServ (if supported), so others can’t use it.

What IRC Is Best For

IRC excels in a few specific areas where modern platforms can’t always compete:

Developer collaboration – Many open-source projects host support and development channels on IRC.
Minimalist communication – Ideal for users who prefer keyboard-focused, distraction-free chatting.
Persistent chatrooms – Especially when paired with bots or bouncers (tools that maintain a constant connection even when you’re offline).

Conclusion

Internet Relay Chat may be one of the oldest chat protocols still in active use, but it has earned its place in internet history for a reason. With its lightweight infrastructure, open nature, and long-standing communities, IRC is a fantastic tool for those looking to engage in focused, real-time discussions without the clutter of modern messaging apps. For beginners, stepping into IRC might seem like a time warp, but with a bit of curiosity and practice, it can offer a rewarding digital experience.

FAQ

Q: Is IRC still used today?
A: Yes! While it’s no longer mainstream, IRC is still widely used by developers, open-source projects, and online communities that prefer its simplicity.
Q: Can I use IRC on mobile?
A: Absolutely. There are mobile IRC clients like IRCCloud, YAAIC (for Android), and Mutter (for iOS).